Home page for wentai
His research interests include neural prosthesis, bioelectronics, implantable microelectronics, high speed transceiver design (wired and wireless), microelectronic sensors, timing/clock optimization, on-chip interconnects and computer vision/image processing. Since its early stages in 1988, he has been leading the engineering efforts of the retinal prosthesis to restore vision, finally leading to successful preliminary implant tests in blind patients. He has published more than 200 technical papers and is a co-author of Wave Pipelining: Theory and CMOS Implementation (Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1994) and Emerging Technologies: Designing Low Power Digital Systems (IEEE Press, 1996). He has delivered more than 100 invited lectures around the world. Over the years, his work on retinal prosthesis has featured in major news media.
He received an IEEE Outstanding Paper Award, ISSCC Best Special-Topic Session Award, NASA Achievement Award and the Alcoa Foundation’s Distinguished Engineering Research Award. He received an Outstanding Alumni Award from National Chiao-Tung University, Taiwan. He holds the appointments of the Chair Professor at National Chiao-Tung University as well as the University System of Taiwan Master Lecturer since 2006. He is the Honorary Director of Biomimetic Systems Research Center in National Chiao-Tung University which he helped found in 2007.
Ph. D. – Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Michigan at Ann Arbor, 1983
MS – Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, 1973
BS – Electronic Engineering, National Chiao-Tung University, 1971
9/03 – present: Campus Director, NSF-ERC on Biomimetic Microelectronic Systems Center
1/03 – present: Professor of Electrical Engineering at UCSC
8/01 – present: Alcoa Chair Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering
7/97 – present: Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering – NCSU
6/00 – present: IBM Faculty Partnership Program
1/95 - 1/95: Visiting Professor, Univ. of Sao Paulo, Brazil
8/90 - 8/97: Associate Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering – NCSU
1/83 - 7/90: Assistant Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering – NCSU
7/85 - 8/85: Bell-Northern Research, Ottawa, Canada
6/84 - 8/84: General Electric Microelectronics Center, RTP, NC
9/75 - 8/76: Assistant Research Fellow, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
Honors and Awards:
2. Key note speaker of Chinese Bioscience Association Annual Conference, September 2007.
3. NASA Achievement Award, August 2007.
4. Honorary Director, Intelligent Prosthesis Center, NCTU, June 2007.
5. National Chiao Tung University (Taiwan) Outstanding Alumni Award, April 2006.
6. Chair Professor, National Chiao Tung University (Taiwan), February 2006.
7. Master Lecturer, University of Taiwan System, April 2005.
8. White House/VA Conference on Emerging Technologies for New Freedom Initiative invitee, 2004.
9. Semiconductor Research Corp Invention Award, 2003
10. University of Florida, Barr System Distinguished Lecture, September 27, 2002.
11. Research result and picture of retinal prosthesis is adopted in a biology textbook entitled “Biologie Overal VWO NG/3”, Published by Educative Partners Nederland, Netherland, 2001
12. Special invited research seminar entitled “Research to Develop an Artificial Retina,” at National Science Foundation, Nov. 22, 2000
13. Semiconductor Research Corp Invention Award, 2003, 2000.
14. Technology Breakthrough reported by Japan Nikkei Microdevices and Newton Magazines.
15. SRC/UMC/Novellus Copper Design Contest Judge, 1999-2000
16. President Clinton’s State of Union Address – “Scientists are also working on artificial retina to help people to see …” January 2000
17. Retinal Prosthesis Project – one of the three most successful projects sponsored by NSF. In April 2000, NSF had requested the research team to write a monograph and produce a film about the project for US Congress
18. Dr. Liu’s work on Retinal Prosthesis Project has brought national and international recognition to UCSC and NCSU both in the technical literature and in the popular press and broadcast media. It has been widely reported by international news media, major USA TV networks (such as ABC, BBC, NBC, CBS, PBS), as well as international TV networks. The research was the headline news by AP on December 8, 1999 and was reported in the front page of Washington Post on December 8, 1999. The News and Observers has published an editorial on this research entitled “Rewards of Campus ‘Vision’” on December 11, 1999.
19. Alcoa Foundation Distinguish Engineering Research Award, College of Engineering, NC State University, May 1999
20. Recognition by North Carolina Senate, June 21, 1999 “Upon motion of Senator Dalton, the Chair extends courtesies of the gallery to Dr. Wentai Liu, of North Carolina State University, Dr. Mark Humayun, of Johns Hopkins University, and Chris DeMarco, of North Carolina State University, inventors of Retinal Microchip Project to restore vision to the blind.”
21. PhD student’s (Elliot McGucken) dissertation received the second place ($20,000) in Merril Lynch “Innovation Grant” Worldwide Competition (1998)
22. NCSU College of Engineering Citation for Service and Contribution, Aug. 15, 1997
23. Keynote Speaker - 8th VLSI/CAD Symposium, Aug. 1997, Taiwan
24. Keynote Speaker - 7th VLSI/CAD Symposium, Aug. 1996, Taiwan
25. Semiconductor Research Corporation Inventor Award, March 1993. 1990
26. IEEE/ACM Design Automation Academic Scholarship Award, June 1990
27. IEEE Computer Society Outstanding Paper Award: "Quad tree Problems with Two-Dimensional Shuffle Exchange Network," June 1986
28. 1985 IEEE/ACM Design Automation Academic Scholarship Award, June 1985
29. Junior Faculty Research Award by University of North Carolina System and Bell Northern Research Inc - April 1986, and April 1987
30. CICE Graduate Fellowship: University of Michigan, 1980 - 1982
31. Government Fellowship: Rank first in the field of Information Sciences, the Annual Government Fellowship Examination for Studying Aboard, Ministry of Education, Taiwan, Aug. 1975
Grant support:
1. An Integrated Neural Recording System, $20,000, March 2007-December 2008, HMRI, (PI – UCSC)
2. A Hybrid Electrochemical Microstimulator Implant for Denervated Muscles, $1.2M, October 2006-October 2008, US Army (Co-PI – UCSC)
3. Elasmobranch Brain-Machine Interface, 1/1/05-12/31/09, total:$3,903,460, PI: R. Andersen (Caltech), (Co-PI –UCSC)
4. NSF-ERC on Biomimetic Microelectronics Systems, $17M, National Science Foundation, September/2003 – August/2013 (Thrust Leader)
5. Prosthesis for Spinal Cord Injury, $30,000, Sept. 2005 – Aug. 2006, (seed fund by VA)
6. Wireless Link and Microelectronics, $671,563., Department of Energy, Dec/2003 – December/2006 (PI-UCSC)
7. Gift Account, $5,000. National Semiconductor, April 2004 (PI-UCSC)
8. Rodent Biotelemetry System, $300,000., NASA-UARC Program, March/2004 – September/2004 (PI-UCSC)
9. Short Range Wireless Medical Sensor Network, $50,000., National Semiconductor, June/04 – May/05, (PI-UCSC)
10. Short Range Wireless Medical Sensor Network, $27,100., UCMICRO, August/04 – June/05, (PI-UCSC)
11. Toward Integrated Neuro-Electronic Systems, $40,000., Semiconductor research Corporation, Jan. – Dec 2003, (PI-UCSC)
12. Current Mode Band-Limited Signaling for Deep Submicron Global Interconnects – Semiconductor Research Corporation, $100,000., April. 2003 – March 2005 (PI -UCSC)
13. Bi-directional Telemetry and Novel Microstimulator for Retinal Prosthesis, Oak Ridge National Lab, Department of Energy, $125,000, Jan.- Dec. 2003 (PI-UCSC)
14. Retinal Prosthesis for the Blind, National Institute of Health, $190,000., May 2003 – April 2005, (PI-UCSC)
15. Integrated Implantable Retinal Prosthesis, $190,000., May 2003-April 2006, National Science Foundation (PI-UCSC)
16. Hybrid Molecular Storage – ZettaCore Inc., $260,980., May/2002 – April/2003
17. Current Mode Band-Limited Signaling for Deep Submicron Global Interconnects Semiconductor Research Corporation, $150,000., Jan. 2002 – Dec. 2002 (PI)
18. Current Mode Band-Limited Signaling for Deep Submicron Global Interconnects –National Science Foundation, $150,000., May 2002 – April 2005 (PI)
19. Clock Distribution Network - MultiGig, $130,000. May 2001 – April 2002 (PI)
20. A High-Density Microelectronic Tissue Hybrid Sensor for Imaging – $599,453. ($7.7M in total), (Department of Energy, Oct. 1, 2001 – Dec. 2004) (PI)
21. Implantable Multiple Unit Visual Prosthesis: Towards a Third Generation (7- month extension) - National Science Foundation, $97,489., Aug/2001 – Feb/2002 (PI)
22. Unrestricted Gift – Mitsubishi Electric Company, $354,000., April 2001 (PI)
23. Diamond Film Based Electrodes for Retinal Prosthesis – National Institute of Health (SBIR), $100,000., March 2001 (Co-PI)
24. A New Signal Scheme Based on Raised Cosine Approximation – Semiconductor Research Corporation, $35,000. (CSR Grant), Jan. 2001 (PI)
25. Hybrid CMOS/Molecular Memories, DARPA, $1,400,000., May/01-April/03 (Co-PI)
26. SOI Deep Space Radio – NASA, $800,000., April 2001 – March 2005 (Co-PI)
27. RF/Mixed Mode/Analog Design Consortium - $210,000., 2000-2001 (Director)
28. Development/Testing of Artificial Retinas for the Blind (National Institute of Health), $310,000., (total grant 12M) July 2000 - June 2005 (PI)
29. AC Coupled Interconnect, SRC, $306,000, September 1999 – August 2002 (Co-PI)
30. The Realization of a Retinal Prosthesis for the Totally Blind, National Science Foundation, $580,000. (Co-PI)
31. Implantable Multiple Unit Visual Prosthesis: Towards a Second and Third Generation - National Science Foundation, $547,118. (PI)
32. Planar Processed Robots – DARPA, $708,070., 6/98 – 5/01 (Co-PI)
33. Digital Camera Research - Xirlink Inc., $20,000. 1998 (PI)
34. NSF CISE Infrastructure for Experimental High Performance Computing and Communication Systems - National Science Foundation, $1.4 million, 1997 - 2002, (Co-PI)
35. Unrestricted Gift - Mitsubishi Semiconductor America Inc., 9/96 - 8/01, $150,000. (PI)
36. Design and Evaluation of Artificial Retina Devices to Benefit Visually Impaired - National Science Foundation, 7/96 – 12/99, $154,568. (PI)
37. VLSI Delay Vernier Architectures and Applications - National Science Foundation, 7/96 - 6/00, $214,300. (PI)
38. Low-Power, High Performance MEMS-based Switch Fabric - DARPA, 10/96 - 9/99, $1,047,658. (Co-PI)
39. Three-Dimensional High Density Electronic Module Design and Manufacturing DARPA (subcontracted via MCNC), $265,000, (Co-PI)
40. Interactive Java Classroom and Laboratory for MOS Transistor – United Technology Corp., $1,000. (PI)
41. Design and Evaluation of Artificial Retina Device to Benefit Visually Impaired - Fight for Sight Foundation, June 1995 - Aug. 1996, $3,000. (PI)
42. CMOS IC Performance Enhancement via Wave Pipelining, National Science Foundation, 1992 - 1996, $250,146. (PI)
43. High Speed Circuit Prototyping and Test, National Science Foundation, 1991 - 1992, $250,000. (Co-PI)
44. CAD Tools Research for CMOS Wave Pipelining, ACM/IEEE Design Automation Scholarship Award, 1991 - 1992, $12,000. (PI)
45. VLSI Switchbox Routing Based on Unconstrained Via Minimization, IBM, 1990 - 1991, $32,064. (PI)
46. Analog Devices Career Development, Analog Devices, 1990 - 1992, $35,000. (PI)
47. Semiconductor Research Corporation Graduate Fellowship for Carl Thomas, $100,000., Semiconductor Research Corporation,
48. 1991 NSF/MOSIS Educational Fabrication Service, National Science Foundation, September 1990 - August 1997, $69,000. (PI)
49. Multidimensional Computations: A Design Theory and VLSI Prototyping, Microelectronics Information Processing System, National Science Foundation, May 1989 - April 1991, $77,682. (PI)
50. Multidimensional Computation Problems: A Design Theory and VLSI Architecture Prototyping, Semiconductor Research Corp, September 1988 - April 1990, $64,814. (PI)
51. NSF Japanese Language Fellowship for Thomas Hildebrandt, National Science Foundation, 1989 - 1990, $12,000. (PI)
52. NSF/MOSIS Fabrication Grant for Research Project MIP-8821425, National Science Foundation, May 1989 - April 1991, $7,600. (PI)
53. NSF/MOSIS Educational Fabrication Service – National Science Foundation, October 1989 - June 1990, $9,925. (PI)
54. Semiconductor Research Corporation Graduate Fellowship for Thomas Hughes, 1987 - 1991, $100,000 (PI).
55. Peace Project: VLSI Algorithms and Architectures for a Class of Two-Dimensional Problems, Semiconductor Research Corporation, September 1986 - August 1988, $110,385. (PI)
56. Computer Engineering Research Equipment Grant, National Science Foundation, 1985-1986, $98,010. (Co-PI)
57. Junior Faculty Research Award, University of North Carolina System and Bell-Northern Research, 1987-1988, $10,000. (PI)
58. Concurrent Processing of an Automated Vision Station for Real-Time Robotics Applications, Institute of Manufacture System Engineering, North Carolina State University, Jan 1987 - Dec 1987, $15,000. (PI)
59. Junior Faculty Research Award, University of North Carolina System and Bell-Northern Research, 1986-1987, $10,000. (PI).
60. VLSI CAD Research, IEEE/ACM SIG Design Automation, 1985-1986, $8,000. (PI)
61. System Verification Project: the Design and Integration for the Two-Dimensional FFT Prototype, Microelectronics Center of North Carolina, 1985-1986, $51,868. (PI)
62. Research on Programmable Logic Array, General Electric Company, 1984-1985, $15,680. (PI)
63. A General Cell Layout System, General Electric Company, 1984-1985, $24,877. (PI) MOSIS Liaison at North Carolina State University, National Science Foundation, 1983 - present (PI)
64. NCSU Faculty Development Award, 1983-1984, $3,400. (PI)
Books and Monographs:
1. R. Cavin and W. Liu, Emerging Technologies: Designing Low Power Digital Systems, ISBN-0-7803-3328-4, IEEE Press, 1996.
2. C. Gray, W. Liu, and R. Cavin, Wave Pipelining: Theory and CMOS Implementation, ISBN-0-7923-9398-8, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1994.
Book Chapters:
1. W. Liu, M. Sivaprakasam, G. Wang, and M. Zhou, “Semiconductor based Implantable Prosthetic Devices,” To appear in Wiley Handbook of Biomedical Engineering, John Wiley and Sons. (Invited)
2. W. Liu, M. Sivaprakasam, G. Wang, M. Zhou, J. D. Weiland, and M. S. Humayun, “Challenges in realizing a Chronic High Resolution Artificial Sight Device,” To appear in Artificial Sight, M. S. Humayun, J. D. Weiland, E. Greenbaum, Eds. Biological and Medical Physics/Biomedical Engineering Series, New York: Springer. (Invited)
3. W. Liu, M. Sivaprakasam, G. Wang, M. Zhou, J. D. Weiland, and M. S. Humayun, “Development of an Intraocular Prosthesis to Benefit the Visually Impaired,” To appear in Visual Prosthetics and Ophthalmic Devices: New Hope in Sight, New Jersey: Humana Press, Inc. (Invited)
4. W. Liu, P. Singh, C. DeMarco, R. Bashirullah, M. Humayun, and J. Weiland, “Semiconductor-based Implantable Microsystems,” Chapter 6, in Handbook of Neuroprosthetic Methods (edited by W. Finn, and P. LoPresti), CRC Publishing Company (invited chapter), ISBN-0-8493-1100-4, December 2002
5. J. Weiland, M. Humayun, W. Liu, and R. Greenberg, “Stimulated Neural Activity,” Chapter 4, in Handbook of Neuroprosthetic Methods (edited by W. Finn, and P. LoPresti), CRC Publishing Company (invited chapter), ISBN-0-8493-1100-4, December 2002
6. W. Liu, M. Humayun, E. McGucken, E. de Juan, J. Weiland, C. DeMarco, “Multiple Unit Artificial Retinal Chipset System to Benefit the Visual Impaired,” Chapter 2, in Intelligent Systems for the Disabled (edited by N. Theodorescu), CRC Publishing Company (invited chapter), ISBN-0-8493-0140-8, December 2000
7. H. Hsieh, W. Liu, P. Franzon, and R. Cavin, "Clocking Optimization and Distribution in Digital Systems with Scheduled Skews," Clock Generation and Distribution Network, (edited by E. Friedman), Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1998
8. C. Gray, W. Liu, and R. Cavin, "Timing Constraints for Wave Pipelined Systems," in Clock Distribution Networks in VLSI Circuits and Systems, (edited by E. Friedman), pp. 170-187, IEEE Press, ISBN-0-7803-1058-6, May 1995
9. W. Liu, R. Cavin, T. Schaffer, G. Moyer, S. Clements, J. Kang, J. Medero, and H. Hsieh, "Matched Delay Technique for High Speed Digital Design," in Low-Power HF Microelectronics: Integrating process, device and design for manufacturability, (edited by G. Machado), IEE Circuits and Systems Series, chapter 16, ISBN-0-85296-874-4, April. 1996.
10. W. Liu, T. Hughes and T. Krakow "A Rasterization of Two-Dimensional Fast Fourier Transform," chapter 26, in Signal Processing II, IEEE Press, 1986, (Editors: S. Kung and R. Owen)
11. G. Mei, W. Liu, and R. Cavin, "Synthesizing Irregular Iterative Algorithms with Array Architectures," chapter 41, in Signal Processing III, IEEE Press, 1988, (Editors: R. Brodersen and H. Moscovitz)
12. W. Liu, W. Batchelor, R. Cavin, and S. Chen, "A Bit Level Systolic Array for Real Time Two-Dimensional Moment Generation," pp. 449-458, Systolic Array Processors, Prentice-Hall, 1989, (Editors: J. McCanny, J. McWhirter, and E. Swartzlander)
Journal Publications:
1. M. Chae, W. Liu, Z. Yang, T. Chen, J. Kim, M. Sivaprakasam, M. R. Yuce, “A 128-Channel 6mW Wireless Neural Recording IC with On-the-fly Spike Sorting and UWB transmitter,” Invited for Special Issue of IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, January 2009.
2. M. Chae, W. Liu, and M. Sivaprakasam, “Design Optimization for Integrated Neural Recording Systems,” To appear in IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits.
3. M. Zhou and W. Liu, “Design Optimization for Integrated Neural Recording Systems,” To appear in IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits.
4. K. Cockerham, W. Liu, L. Crow, M. Sivaprakasam, A. Olmos, M. Oehleberg, O. Pantchenko and S. Aro, “The Application of Nano-Technology and Engineering in Medicine: A New Paradigm for Facial Muscle Reanimation,” To appear in Expert Review of Medical Devices.
5. Z. Yang, W. Liu and E. Basham, “Optimization of Coils for Biomedical Applications,” IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, Volume: 43, Pages: 3851 – 3860, October 2007.
6. M. R. Yuce and W. Liu, “Design and performance of a wideband sub-sampling front-ends for multi-standard software radios,” International Journal of Electronics and Communications, Elsevier, March 2007.
7. M. R. Yuce, W. Liu, J. Damiano, B. Bharat, P. D. Franzon and N. S. Dogan, “SOI CMOS implementation of a multirate PSK receiver for space communications” IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I, February 2007.
8. R. Bashirullah, W. Liu, and R. Cavin, “A 16Gb/s Adaptive Bandwidth Bus Based on Hybrid Current/Voltage Mode Signaling Repeaters,” IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, Volume: 41, Pages: 461 – 473, Feb. 2006.
9. W. Liu and M. Sivaprakasam, “IC Technology Challenges for Implantable Devices,” Future Fab International, Volume: 20, Pages: 17 – 19, January 2006. (Invited)
10. M. Sivaprakasam, W. Liu, G. Wang, J. D. Weiland, and M. S. Humayun, “Architecture Tradeoffs in High Density Microstimulators for Retinal Prosthesis,” IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems – I, Special Issue on Biomedical Circuits and Systems, Volume: 52, Pages: 2629 – 2641, December 2005.
11. M. Yuce, W. Liu, “A low power multirate DPSK receiver for space applications,” IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, Volume: 54, Pages: 2074 – 2084, November 2005.
12. W. Liu, M. Sivaprakasam, G. Wang, M. Zhou, J. Granacki, J. LaCoss, J. Wills, “Microelectronics Design for Implantable Wireless Biomimetic Microelectronic Systems,” IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Magazine, Volume: 24, Pages: 66 – 74, September 2005. (Invited)
13. G. Wang, W. Liu, M. Sivaprakasam, and G. A. Kendir, “Design and Analysis of an Adaptive Transcutaneous Power Telemetry for Biomedical Implants,” IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems – I, Volume: 52, Pages: 2109 – 2117, October 2005.
14. J. D. Weiland, W. Liu and M. Humayun, “Retinal Prosthesis,” Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering, Volume: 7, August 2005. (Invited)
15. G. A. Kendir, W. Liu, G. Wang, M. Sivaprakasam, R. Bashirullah, M. S. Humayun, and J. D. Weiland, “An Optimal Design Methodology for Inductive Power Link with Class-E Amplifier,” IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems – I, Volume: 52, Pages: 857 – 866, May 2005.
16. M. Sivaprakasam, W. Liu, M. S. Humayun, and J. D. Weiland, “A Variable Range Bi-Phasic Current Stimulus Driver Circuitry for an Implantable Retinal Prosthetic Device,” IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, Volume: 40, Pages: 763 – 771, March 2005.
17. R. Bashirullah, W. Liu, R. Cavin, and D. Edwards, “A Hybrid Current/Voltage Mode On-Chip Signaling Scheme With Adaptive Bandwidth Capability,” IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems, Volume: 12, Pages: 876 – 880, August 2004.
18. W. Liu, M. Sivaprakasam, P. R. Singh, R. Bashirullah, and G. Wang, "Electronic Visual Prostheses," Artificial Organs, Volume: 27, Pages: 986 – 995, November 2003.
19. S. DeMarco, W. Liu, P. R. Singh, G. Lazzi, M. Humayun, J. Weiland, “An Arbitrary Waveform Stimulus Circuit for Visual Prostheses using a Low Area Multibias DAC,” IEEE Journal of Solid State Circuits, Oct. 2003
20. S. C. Demarco, G. Lazzi, W. Liu, J. D. Weiland, and M. S. Humayun, “Computed SAR and Thermal Elevation in a 0.25-mm 2-D Model of the Human Eye and Head in Response to an Implanted Retinal Stimulator – Part II: Models and Methods,” IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Volume: 51, Pages: 2286 – 2295, September 2003.
21. S. C. Demarco, G. Lazzi, W. Liu, J. D. Weiland, and M. S. Humayun, “Computed SAR and Thermal Elevation in a 0.25-mm 2-D Model of the Human Eye and Head in Response to an Implanted Retinal Stimulator – Part I: Models and Methods,” IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Volume: 51, Pages: 2274 – 2285, September 2003.
22. R. Bashirullah, W. Liu, and R. Cavin III, "Current-Mode Signaling in Deep Submicron Global Interconnects," IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems, Volume: 11, Pages: 406 – 417, June 2003.
23. R. Bashirullah, W. Liu, “Raised Cosine Approximation Signaling for Reduced Noise Cross-talk,” IEE Electronic Letters, vol. 38, no. 21, pp. 1256-1258, Oct. 10, 2002
24. E. Margalit, M. Maia, J. Weiland, R. Greenberg, G. Fujii , G. Torres, D. Piyathaisere, T. O'Hearn, W. Liu, G. Lazzi, G. Dagnelie, D. Scribner, E. de Juan Jr, M. Humayun, “Retinal Prosthesis for the Blind,” Survey of Ophthalmology, 47(4):335-356. 2002.
25. J. Rizzo, J. Wyatt, M. Humaun, E. de Juan Jr., W. Liu, A. Chow, R. Eckmiller, E. Zrenner, T. Yagi, G. Abrams, “Editorial: Retinal Prosthesis an Encouraging First Decade with Major Challenges Ahead,” Ophthalmology 2001, Jan: 108(1): 13-14
26. W. Liu, M. Humayun, K. Vichienchom, M. Clements, S. DeMarco, E. McGucken, C. Hughes, E. de Juan, J. Weiland, R. Greenberg, “A Core Component for Neuro Stimulus with Telemetry Unit,” IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, vol. 35, pp. 1487-1497, October 2000.
27. W. Liu, and M. Humayun, “Visual Prosthesis to Benefit Visual Impaired,” Nikkei Microelectrode Device, pp. 52-53, July 2000
28. H. Hsieh, W. Liu, and R. Cavin, “Integrated Parametric Timing Optimization for Digital Systems,” IEEE Trans. on Computer Aided Circuit Design, April 2000
29. G. Bilbro, L. Hall, M. Clements, and W. Liu," Convolution, Deconvolution, and Mean Field Annealing for Analog VLSI," IEEE Trans. on Circuits and Systems-II, pp. 120-128, vol. 46, 1999
30. W. Burleson, M. Ciesielski, F. Klass, and W. Liu, "Wave-Pipelining: A Tutorial and Survey of recent research," IEEE Transaction on VLSI, pp. 464-474, vol. 6, Sept. 1998
31. J. Kang, W. Liu, and R. Cavin, "A CMOS High Speed Data Recovery Circuit Using the Matched Delay Sampling Technique," IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, vol. 32, no. 10, pp. 1588-1596, Oct. 1997.
32. H. Hsieh, W. Liu, P. Franzon, and R. Cavin, "Clocking Optimization and Distribution in Digital Systems with Scheduled Skews," Journal of VLSI Signal Processing, vol. 16, pp. 131-147, 1997.
33. G. Moyer, M. Clements, W. Liu, T. Schaffer, and R. Cavin, "The Delay Vernier Pattern Generation Technique," vol. 32, no. 4, pp. 551 - 562, IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, April 1997.
34. G. Moyer, M. Clements, and W. Liu, "Precise Delay Generation Using the Vernier Technique," Electronics Letters, vol. 32, no. 18, pp. 1658 - 1659, Aug. 1996.
35. W. van Noije, W. Liu, and J. Navarro, "Precise Final State Determination of Mismatched CMOS Latches,” IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, vol. 30, no. 5, pp. 607-611, 1995.
36. W. Liu, C. Gray, D. Fan, W. Farlow, T. Hughes, and R. Cavin, "A 250-MHz Wave Pipelined Adder in 2-um CMOS," IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, vol. 29, no. 9, pp. 1117-1128, September 1994.
37. C. Gray, W. Liu, and R. Cavin, "Timing Constraints for Wave-Pipelined Systems," IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems, vol. 13, no. 8, pp. 987-1004, August 1994.
38. C. Gray, W. Liu, and R. Cavin, "Accurate Path Delay Calculation by Considering Data Dependency," Integration: the Journal of VLSI, vol. 17, pp. 1-23, August 1994.
39. C. Gray, W. Liu, W. van Noije, T. Hughes, and R. Cavin, "A Sampling Technique and its CMOS Implementation with 1 GBit/s Bandwidth and 25 ps Resolution," IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, vol. 29, no. 3, pp. 340-349, March 1994.
40. M. Clements, W. Liu, J. Kang, and R. Cavin, "Very High Speed Continuous Sampling Using Matched Delay," Electronic Letters, vol.30, no. 6, pp. 463-464, March 1994.
41. W. Liu, S. Chen, and R. Cavin, "Exploiting Bit Level Concurrency in Real-Time Geometric Features," IEEE Transaction on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, vol. 23, no. 2, pp. 539-546, March 1993.
42. T. Hildebrandt, and W. Liu, "Optical Recognition of Handwritten Chinese Characters: Advances since 1980," Pattern Recognition, pp. 205-226, no. 2, vol. 26, February 1993.
43. M. Stallmann, T. Hughes, and W. Liu, "Unconstrained Via Minimization for Topological Multilayer Routing," IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems, pp. 970-980, no.9, vol. 9, September 1990.
44. D. van den Bout, P. Franzon, J. Paulos, T. Miller, W. Snyder, H. Nagle, and W. Liu, "Scalable VLSI Implementation for Feed-forward and Recurrent Neural Networks," Journal of VLSI Signal Processing, Jan 1990.
45. G. Mei, W. Liu, and R. Cavin, "Quadtree Problems with Two-Dimensional Shuffle-Exchange Architecture, " International Journal of Computer Aided VLSI Design, pp. 437-467, no. 4, vol. 1, Dec. 1989.
46. W. Liu, T. Hildebrandt, and R. Cavin, "Hamiltonian Cycles in Shuffle-Exchange Network," IEEE Transaction on Computers, vol. 38, no.5, pp. 745-750, May 1989.
47. W. Liu, and R. Cavin, "Rasterization Theory, Architectures, and Implementations for a Class of Two-Dimensional Problems," Integration: the VLSI Journal, vol. 6, pp. 179-199, 1988.
Conference Publications:
1. M. Chae, K. Chen, W. Liu, M. Sivaprakasam, and J. Kim, “A 4-channel Wearable Wireless Neural Recording System,” IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, May 2008.
2. M. Chae, W. Liu, Z. Yang, T. Chen, J. Kim, M. Sivaprakasam, M. R. Yuce, “A 128-Channel 6mW Wireless Neural Recording IC with On-the-fly Spike Sorting and UWB transmitter,” International Solid State Circuits Conference, February 2008.
3. M. Khoo, J. Weiland, T. W. Berger, and W. Liu, “Teaching Neural Implant Engineering: The BMES-ERC Education Program,” BMES Annual Fall Meeting, September 2007.
4. A. Olmos, M. Oehlberg, M. Gharib, M. Sivaprakasam, K. Cockerham, W. Liu, and D. Liepmann “The Effect of Chronic Denervation on Electrical, Chemical, and Electrochemical Stimulation Efficacy,” BMES Annual Fall Meeting, September 2007.
5. M. Chae, W. Liu, and M. Sivaprakasam, “An Integrated Multi-Channel Neural Recording System,” BMES Annual Fall Meeting, September 2007.
6. M. Gharib, A. Olmos, M. Oehlberg, M. Sivaprakasam, D. Liepmann, K. Cockerham, and W. Liu, “Development of an Indwelling Microstimulator for Neuromuscular Disease,” BMES Annual Fall Meeting, September 2007.
7. M. R. Yuce, W. Liu, M. Chae and J. Kim, “A wideband telemetry unit for multi-channel neural recording systems,” IEEE International Conference on Ultra-Wideband (ICUWB), September 2007.
8. M. R. Yuce, P. C. Ng, C. K. Lee, J. Y. Khan, and W. Liu , “A Wireless Medical Monitoring Over a Heterogeneous Sensor Network,” Annual International Conference of the IEEE EMBS, August 2007.
9. M. Oehlberg, W. Liu, M. Sivaprakasam and O. Pantchenko, “An Implantable Microsystem for Reanimation of Eyelid Blink,” 8th Annual UC Systemwide Bioengineering Symposium, June 2007.
10. M. Gharib, A. Olmos, M. Oehlberg, M. Sivaprakasam, W. Liu, K. Cockerham, and D. Liepmann, “Development of an Indwelling Microstimulator for Neuromuscular Disease,” 8th Annual UC Systemwide Bioengineering Symposium, June 2007.
11. M. R. Yuce, P. C. Ng, C. K. Lee, J. Y. Khan, and W. Liu, “A MICS wireless body sensor network,” IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC), March 2007.
12. M. Zhou and W. Liu, “A Non-coherent PSK Receiver with Interference-cancelling for
Transcutaneous Neural Implants,” International Solid State Circuits Conference, February 2007.
13. M. Chae, W. Liu, G. Wang and M. Sivaprakasam, “Design methodology for an integrated low power neural recording system,” BMES Annual Meeting, October 2006.
14. A. Tekin, M. R. Yuce and W. Liu, “Integrated VCO Design for MICS Transceivers,” IEEE Custom Integrated Circuits Conference (CICC’06), September 2006.
15. M. Zhou, W. Liu, G. Wang, M. Sivaprakasam, J. D. Weiland and M. S. Humayun, “A Transcutaneous Data Telemetry System Tolerant to Power Telemetry Interference,” Annual International Conference of the IEEE EMBS, September 2006.
16. G. Wang, W. Liu, M. Sivaprakasam, M. Zhou, J. D. Weiland and M. S. Humayun, “A Dual Band Wireless Power and Data Telemetry for Retinal Prosthesis,” Annual International Conference of the IEEE EMBS, September 2006.
17. Z. Yang, G. Wang, and W. Liu, “Analytical Calculation of the Self-Resonant Frequency of Biomedical Telemetry Coils,” Annual International Conference of the IEEE EMBS, September 2006.
18. M. Sivaprakasam, W. Liu, G. Wang, M. Zhou, J. D. Weiland and M. S. Humayun, “Challenges in System and Circuit Design for High Density Retinal Prosthesis,” Proceedings of the IEEE Life Science Systems and Application (LSSA) Workshop, Pages: 28 – 29, July 2006. (Invited)
19. M. R. Yuce, A. Tekin and W. Liu, “Discrete time analysis of a multirate symbol timing recovery circuit for sampling receivers,” IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC), June 2006.
20. W. Liu, M. Sivaprakasam, G. Wang, and M. Chae, “A Multi-channel Neural Recording System for Monitoring Shark Behavior,” IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, May 2006.
21. A. Tekin, M. R. Yuce and W. Liu, “A low-power FSK modulator/demodulator for an MICS band transceiver,” IEEE Radio and Wireless Symposium (RWS'06), January 2006.
22. M. Sivaprakasam, W. Liu, G. Wang, J. D. Weiland and M. S. Humayun, “A Programmable Discharge Circuitry with Current Limiting Capability for a Retinal Prosthesis,” Annual International Conference of the IEEE EMBS, September 2005.
23. G. Wang, W. Liu, M. Sivaprakasam, M. Zhou, J. D. Weiland and M. S. Humayun, “A Wireless Phase Shift Keying Transmitter with Q-Independent Phase Transition Time,” Annual International Conference of the IEEE EMBS, September 2005.
24. G. Wang, W. Liu, M. Sivaprakasam, M. S. Humayun, and J. D. Weiland, “Power Supply Topologies for Biphasic Stimulation in Inductively Powered Implants,” Proceedings of the IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, Pages: 2743 – 2746, May 2005
25. M. Zhou, W. Liu, and M. Sivaprakasam, “A Closed-Form Delay Formula for On-Chip RLC Interconnects in Current-Mode Signaling,” Proceedings of the IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, Pages: 1082 – 1085, May 2005.
26. W. Liu, W. Fink, M. Tarbell, and M. Sivaprakasam, “Image Processing Enhanced Electrical Stimulation of the Retina in Visual Prostheses,” Proceedings of the IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, Pages: 2927 – 2930, May 2005. (Invited)
27. M. Sivaprakasam, W. Liu, M. S. Humayun, and J. D. Weiland, “Power Efficient Multiple Voltage Stimulation for Implantable Retinal Prosthesis,” Proceedings of the 3rd Annual International IEEE EMBS Special Topic Conference on Microtechnologies in Medicine and Biology, Pages: 104 – 107, May 2005.
28. W. Liu, M. Sivaprakasam, G. Wang, M. Zhou, J. D. Weiland, and M. S. Humayun, “Microelectronics for an Implantable Epiretinal Prosthesis”, Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology Annual Meeting, Abstract B295, May 2005.
29. E. Basham, W. Liu, and M. Sivaprakasam, “Functional Magnetic Stimulation for and Epiretinal Prosthesis”, Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology Annual Meeting, Abstract B254, May 2005.
30. W. Liu, M. Sivaprakasam, G. Wang, M. Zhou, J. D. Weiland, M. S. Humayun, “Challenges in Realizing a Chronic High Resolution Artificial Sight Device,” U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) International Symposium on Artificial Sight, April 2005. (Invited)
31. A. Tekin, M. R. Yuce, and W. Liu, "A Low power MICS band transceiver architecture for implantable devices", IEEE Wireless and Microwave Technology (WAMICON 2005), April 2005.
32. M. Sivaprakasam, W. Liu, G. Wang, M. Zhou, J. D. Weiland, and M. S. Humayun, “Architecture Tradeoffs in High Density Microstimulators for Retinal Prosthesis,” Proceedings of the International IEEE EMBS Conference on Neural Engineering, Pages: 466 – 469, March 2005.
33. G. Wang, W. Liu, M. Sivaprakasam, J. D. Weiland, and M. S. Humayun, “High Efficiency Wireless Power Transmission with Digitally Configurable Stimulation Voltage for Retinal Prosthesis,” Proceedings of the International IEEE EMBS Conference on Neural Engineering, Pages: 543 – 546, March 2005.
34. M. R. Yuce, and W. Liu, “The performance and experimental results of a multiple bit rate symbol timing recovery circuit for PSK receivers,” IEEE Custom Integrated Circuits Conference¸ October 2004.
35. M. R. Yuce, and W. Liu, “Implementation and performance of a low-power multirate PSK receiver robust to Doppler shift,” IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference, September 2004.
36. M. R. Yuce, and W. Liu, “Alternative wideband front-end architectures for multi-standard software radios,” IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference, September 2004.
37. M. R. Yuce, and W. Liu, “Design and implementation of a multirate sub-sampling front-end in Software Radio Systems,” M. R. Yuce, and W. Liu, Proceedings of Radio and Wireless Conference, September 2004.
38. D. Parent, and W. Liu, “Vertically Diffused Insulated-Gate Field Effect Transistor for Neural Interfacing,” E. Basham, UC Systemwide Symposium on Bioengineering, June 2004.
39. R. Bashirullah, W. Liu, and R. Cavin, “A 16Gb/s Adaptive Bandwidth On-Chip Bus based on Hybrid Current/Voltage Mode Signaling,” 2004 Symposia on VLSI Technology and Circuits, Honolulu, June 17-19
40. M. Yuce, and W. Liu, “Design and Implementation of a Multirate Sub-sampling Front-end in Software Radio Systems,” RAWCON 2004
41. G. Kendir, W. Liu, R. Bashirullah, G. Wang, M. Humayun, J. Weiland, “An efficient inductive power link design for retinal prosthesis,” ISCAS 2004
42. G. Wang, W. Liu, R. Bashirullah, M. Sivaprakasam, G. Kendir, Y. Ji, “Design of compensated closed loop transcutaneous power transfer system for retinal prosthesis,” ISCAS 2004
43. P. R. Singh, W. Liu, M. Sivprakasam, M. Humayun and J. Weiland, “A matched biphasic microstimulator for an implantable retinal prosthetic device,” ISCAS 2004
44. L. Zhang, W. Liu, R. Bashirullah, J. Wilson, P. Franzon, "Simplified Delay Design Guidelines for On-Chip Global Interconnects," GLSVLSI, April 2004.
45. W. Liu, and M. Humayun, “Retinal Prosthesis,” IEEE Int’l Conference on Solid-State Circuits, San Francisco, Feb. 15-18, 2004 (invited paper)
46. W. Liu,”Retinal Prosthesis,” Int’l Workshop on Future Information Process and Technology, Miyazaki, Japan, Nov. 2003 (invited)
47. M. R. Yuce, W. Liu, “Reduced complexity digital satellite CDMA system robust to Doppler,” VTC’03, Orlando, FL, October, 2003
48. M. R. Yuce, W. Liu, J. Damiano, B. Bharat, F. D. Franzon and N.S. Dogan, “A low power PSK Receiver for space applications in 0.35 SOI CMOS ,” IEEE CICC’03, Sept. 2003
49. W. Liu, “Intraocular Retinal Prosthesis: A Decade of Learning,” 2003 Int’l Workshop on Nano-Bioelectronics Proceedings, pp. 105-129, Seoul, Korea, September 2003 (invited)
50. “Microelectronics Retinal Implant Toward Useful Vision for the Blind,” W. Liu, M. Humayun, J. Weiland, G. Wang, and A. Kendir, UC Systemwide Symposium on Bioengineering, June 2003.
51. W. Liu, P. Singh, M. Sivaprakasam, G. Kendir, “Novel Microstimulator for High Resolution Retinal Prosthesis, “ ARVO-2003
52. M. Yuce, and W. Liu, “Digital PSK/DPSK Receivers using Sub-sampling Technique, “ International Conference on Wireless and Optical Communications WOC2003
53. W. Liu, “Intraocular Retinal Prosthesis: A Decade of Learning,” 2003 Int’l Workshop on Nano-Bioelectronics Proceeding, Sendai, Japan, Jan 30, 2003
54. Ertan Zencir, M. Yuce, N. Dorgan, W. Liu, “An Integrated Low-Power Low-IF DDPSK Receiver in 0.35um SOI CMOS,” 2003 IEEE Radio and Wireless Conference - RAWCON 2003
55. R. Bashirullah, W. Liu, R. Cavin, “Low-power design methodology for an on-chip bus with adaptive bandwidth capability,” IEEE Design Automation Conference 2003
56. R. Bashirullah, W. Liu, R. Cavin, “A Hybrid Current/Voltage Mode On-Chip Signaling Scheme with Adaptive Bandwidth Capability,” SRC TECHCON 2003
57. “A 22-mW 435 MHz Silicon on Insulator CMOS high-gain LNA for subsampling receivers,” T.H. Huang, E. Zencir, M. R. Yuce, N. S. Dogan, W. Liu, and E. Arvas, Proceedings of the IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, Volume: 1, Pages: 417 – 420, May 2003.
58. R. Bashirullah, W. Liu, et al., “A Smart Bi-directional Telemetry Unit for Retinal Prosthetic Device,” IEEE ISCAS 2003, pp. v-5-v-8, vol. 5, 2003
59. R. Bashirullah, W. Liu, and R. Cavin, "Accurate Delay Model and Experimental Verification for Current/Voltage mode On-chip Interconnects," Proceedings of the IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, Volume: 5, Pages: 169 – 172, May 2003.
60. K. Vichienchom and W. Liu, “Analysis of Phase Noise due to Bang-bang Phase Detector in PLL-based Clock and Data Recovery Circuits,” IEEE ISCAS 2003
61. W. Liu, “Wireless Technology for Transmission of Power to Remote Loads,” NASA-JPL Workshop on Space Electronics, Pasadena, Feb. 2003
62. W. Liu, “Intraocular Retinal Prosthesis: a Decade of Experience,” Symposium on Neuromorphic Computing and Medical Engineering, pp. 11-14, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan, Jan. 29, 2003.
63. W. Liu, “Retinal Implant: Bridging Engineering and Medicine,” The 1st Int’l Symposium on Future Medical Engineering based on Bio-nanotechnology, pp. 25-28, Sendai, Japan, Jan. 28, 2003.
64. W. Liu, “Retinal Implant: Bridging Medicine and Microelectronics,” IEEE IEDM Conference, Dec. 2002 (invited talk)
65. W. Liu, R. Bashirullah, G. Lazzi, M. Humayun, and J. Weiland, “A smart Bi-directional Telemetry for Retinal Prosthesis,” ARVO2002
66. Y. Nishida and W. Liu, “An interpolating sense circuit for molecular memory LSI,” CICC2002
67. R. Bashirullah, W. Liu, and R. Cavin, “Delay and power model for current mode signaling in deep submicron global interconnects,” CICC, pp. 513-516, 2002.
68. R. Bashirullah, W. Liu, R. Cavin III, “Deep Submicron Global Signaling Strategies ” Research Perspectives -March 13, 2002, Cavin’s Corner, Semiconductor Research Corporation.
69. G. Lazzi, W. Liu, C. DeMarco, K. Gosalia, M. Eberdt, M. Humayun, and J. Weiland, “Computational Electromagnetics for a Retinal Prosthesis to Restore the Sight in the Blind,” IEEE Antenna and Propagation Int’l Symposium, 2002 (invited)
70. D. Bocian, V. Misra, W. Liu, J. Lindsey, W. Kohr, “Hybrid Molecular Memory,” DARPA PI Meeting, Phoneix, Ar. Jan. 12-13, 2002
71. W. Liu, “Intraocular Retinal Prosthesis: Microelectronics Meets Medicine,” (invited Plenary Talk), 2001 Int’l Conf. on Microprocesses and Natechnology (MNC2001), Matsue, Japan, Oct. 31-Nov. 2 (invited)
72. M. Dagtekin and W. Liu, “A multichannel chopper modulated neural recording system,” IEEE EMBS Conference, Oct. 2001.
73. W. Liu and G. Lazzi, “Artificial Vision,” IWFIPT, Gubbio, Italy, Sept. 2001 (invited)
74. R. Bashirullah, W. Liu, R. Cavin III, “Cross-talk reduction for interconnect-limited bus based on raised cosine signaling,” IEEE Interconnect Technology Conference, 2001, pp. 66-68.
75. W. Liu, and M. Humayun, “Prospects of Implantable Micro-System Technology and Experience in the Artificial Vision System,” 2000 Int’l Conf. On Solid-State Devices and Materials, pp.362-363, Sendai, Japan, August 2000 (invited paper)
76. K. Vichienchom, M. Clements, and W. Liu, “A multi-gigabit CMOS data recovery circuit using analog parallel sampling technique,” ISCAS 2001, Sydney Australia, May 8-10, 2001
77. W. Liu, et al., “Backpack Design for the Retinal Prosthesis Experiments on Animal Subjects,” EMBS, Seattle, Oct. 2000
78. W. Liu, “Intra-Ocular Prosthesis,” IEEE Workshop on Prosthesis Technology, Oct. 2000
79. W. Liu, “Visual Prosthesis: Microelectronics Meets Medicine,” IEEE JSSC Workshop on Biomedical Engineering, Washington DC, Oct 11-13, 2000
80. S. DeMarco, W. Liu, M. Humayun, J. Weiland, “BackPack Design for Animal and Human Retinal Prosthesis Experiments,” presented at IEEE EMBS/MBES Joint Annual Conference, Chicago, July 2000
81. W. Liu, “Artificial Retinal Prosthesis to Restore Vision for the Blind,” IEEE/LEOS Summer Topical Meetings, July 24-28, 2000, Turnberry Isle Resort and Club, Fl.
82. W. Liu, “A Retinal Prosthesis to Benefit the Visual Impaired,” Workshop on Design and Fabrication of Neural Prosthesis, Shizuoka, Japan, Oct. 16-18, 1999.
83. W. Liu, M. Humayun, et al, “A Retinal Prosthesis to Benefit Visual Impaired,” IEEE Symp. On Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Tokyo, Japan, Oct. 11-15, 1999
84. S. DeMarco, M. Clements, K. Vichienchom, W. Liu, M. Humayun, J. Weiland, “An Epi-Retinal Visual Prosthesis Implmentation,” BMES/EMBS Conference, pp. 194-197, Oct. 1999
85. M. Clements, K. Vichienchom, W. Liu, C. DeMarco, M. Humayun, E. de Juan, J. Weiland, and R. Greenberg, “Design of an Implantable Retina Chip,” IEEE Int’l Symp. On Circuits and Systems, June 1999
86. M. Clements, K. Vichienchom, W. Liu, E. McGucken, C. DeMarco, C. Hughes, J. Mueller, M. Humayun, E. de Juan, J. Weiland, R. Greenberg, “An Implantable Neuro-Stimulator Device for a Retinal Prosthesis,” 1999 IEEE Int’l Solid-State Circuits Conference, paper no. 12.7, San Francisco, Feb 15-17, 1999
87. W. Liu, M. Humayun, and E. de Juan, “Retinal Prosthesis Project at Johns Hopkins and NCSU,” 1998 Annual Neural Prosthesis Workshop, Bethesda, MD, Oct. 28-30, 1998.
88. M. Humayun and W. Liu, "The Johns Hopkins/NCSU Retinal Prosthesis Project," Int'l Congress on Ophthalmology, Armsterdam, Netherland, June 21-27, 1998.
89. W. Liu and M. Humayun, "The Johns Hopkins/NCSU Retinal Prosthesis Project," 1998 Microsystems and Technology for Medicine and Biology, April 14-15, Boston, 1998.
90. H. Hsieh, W. Liu, M. Clements, and P. Franzon, "Self-Calibrating Clock Distribution with Scheduled Skews," ISCAS98, June 1998
91. W. Liu, E. McGucken, K. Vichiechom, M. Clements, M. Humayun, and E. de Juan, "Dual Unit Retinal Prosthesis," IEEE EMBS97, pp. 2303-2306, Chicago, Nov. 1997.
92. L. Hall, M. Clements, W. Liu, and G. Bilblo, "Clock Distribution using Cooperative Ring Oscillator," 1997 Conference on Advanced Research in VLSI, pp. 62-77, Ann Arbor, MI, Sept. 1997.
93. M. Azam, P. Franzon, and W. Liu, "Low Power Data Processing by Elimination of Redundant Computations," 1997 Int'l Symp. on Low Power Electronics and Designs, pp. 259-264, Aug. 1997.
94. M. Clements, L. Hall, W. Liu, and G. Bilbro, "Clock Distribution Scheme wit Distributed Ring Oscillators," IEEE Int'l Workshop on Clock Distribution and Network Design, Oct. 9-10, 1997.
95. T. Parng, and W. Liu, "1 GHz MUX/DEMUX CMOS Circuit" 7th VLSI/CAD Symposium, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan, Aug. 15-17, 1996.
96. G. Biblio, L. Hall, M. Clements, and W. Liu, "Deconvolution and Meanfield Annealing in VLSI Signal Processing," Int'l Joint Conference on Neural Network, 1996.
97. H. Hsieh, W. Liu, C. Gray, R. Cavin, "An Integrated Framework for Concurrent Timing Optimization," Tau95, Seattle, Nov. 1995.
98. H. Hsieh, W. Liu, R. Cavin and C. Gray, "Concurrent Timing Optimization of Latch-Based Digital Systems," ICCD95, Oct. 1995.
99. G. Moyer, M. Clements, W. Liu, T. Schaffer, and R. Cavin, "A Technique for High-Speed, Fine-Resolution Pattern Generation and its CMOS Implementation," 1995 MIT/UNC Conference on Advanced Research in VLSI, pp. 131-145, March 1995.
100. S. Mehrotra, P. Franzon, and W. Liu, "Delay and Skew Optimization of High Performance CMOS Circuits by Transistor Sizing," in Proc. of ACM/IEEE Design Automation Conference, pp. 36-40, June 1994.
101. J. Kang, W. Liu, and R. Cavin, "A Monolithic 625Mb/s Data Recovery Circuits with 1.2 Micron CMOS," in Proc. of Custom Integrated Circuit Conference, pp. 625-628, May 1994.
102. S. Mehrotra, P. Franzon, and W. Liu, "Delay and Skew Optimization of High Speed CMOS Circuits Using Stochastic Optimization," in Proc. Custom Integrated Circuits Conference, pp. 245-248, May 1994.
103. W. Liu, G. Moyer, and J. Kang, "Achieving Higher Speed Designs with Wave Pipelining," VIII Congress of Braz. Microel. Soc., pp. L.65-72, Sao Paulo, Brazil, Sept. 1993 (invited paper).
104. J. Soars, W. van Noije, and W. Liu, "Precise final state determination of CMOS latches," VIII Congress of Braz. Microel. Soc., pp. XV.13-18, Sao Paulo, Brazil, Sept. 1993.
105. W. van Noije, C. Gray, W. Liu, T. Hughes, and R. Cavin, "CMOS Serializer and Sampler with 1 GBit/sec Bandwidth and 25 ps Resolution," Proceedings of Custom Integrated Circuit Conference, pp. 27.5.1 - 27.5.4, May 1993.
106. W. van Noije, and W. Liu "Metastability Behavior of Mismatched CMOS Flip-Flops Using State Diagram Analysis," Proceedings of Custom Integrated Circuit Conference, pp. 27.7.1 - 27.7.4, May 1993.
107. V. Nguyen, W. Liu, C. Gray, and R. Cavin, "A CMOS Multiplier Using Wavepipelining," Proceedings of Custom Integrated Circuit Conference, pp. 12.2.1 - 12.2.4, May 1993.
108. D. Fan, C. Gray, T. Hughes, W. Farlow, W. Liu, and R. Cavin, "A CMOS Parallel Adder Using Wave Pipelining,"1992 MIT/Brown Advanced Research in VLSI and Parallel Systems, pp. 147-164, 1992.
109. C. Gray, T. Hughes, W. Liu, and R. Cavin, "Theoretical and Practical Issues for CMOS Wave Pipelining," VLSI91, pp. 9.2.1 - 9.2.10, Scotland, 1991.
110. J. Lin, G. Mei, W. Liu, and S. Chen, "A Hierarchical Neural Network Architecture for Vision System," First International Conference on Neural Networks and System (INNS-88), pp. 511, 1988.
111. W. Liu, T. Yeh, W. Batchelor, and R. Cavin, "Exploiting Bit Level Concurrency in Real-time Geometric Feature Extractions," Proceedings of 15th Annual Symposium on Computer Architectures, pp. 167-174, Honolulu, May 1988.
112. G. Mei, and W. Liu, "Quadtree Problems on Two-Dimensional Shuffle-Exchange Network," IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 140-147, Miami, FL, June 1986 (Outstanding Paper Award).
113. W. Liu, T. Batchelor, and R. Cavin, "Bit Level Concurrency in Real-time Geometric Feature Extractions," Proceedings of Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 957-962, May 1988, (also SRC Tech Report #88119)
114. T. Hughes, R. Salama, and W. Liu, "BBC: Back to Back Cell Generator," ICCAD-86, pp. 440-443, Nov. 1986.
115. G. Mei, and W. Liu, "Data Path Synthesis with/without Constraints", ICCAD-85, pp. 263-265, Nov. 1985.
116. T. Hildebrandt and W. Liu, "A Placement Algorithm for VLSI Layout," 1984 IEEE International Conference on Computer-Aided Design (ICCAD-84), Nov, 1984
117. W. Liu, and D. Atkins, "Wireability Analysis of Digital Systems in Gate Array Environments," Proceedings of 1983 IEEE International Conference on Computer-Aided Design (ICCAD-83), pp. 140-143, Sept., 1983.
118. G. Mei, and W. Liu, "Parallel Processing for Quadtree Problems," Int'l Conf. Parallel Processing, pp. 452-454, Aug 1986.
119. W. Liu, and D. Atkins, "Bounds on Saved Area Ratio Due to PLA Folding," Proceedings of 20th ACM/IEEE Design Automation Conference, pp. 538-544, June 1983.
120. C. Gray, T. Hughes, W. Liu, R. Cavin, and S. Chen, "P3A: A Partitionable Parallel/Pipeline Architecture for Real-Time Image Processing," 1990 Int'l Conference on Pattern Recognition, pp. 529-531, June 1990.
121. C. Gray, W. Liu, T. Hughes, and R. Cavin, "Design of a Scalable High Performance Architecture," Int'l Conference on Application Specific Array Processors, pp. 722-733, Sept. 1990.
122. R. Salama, W. Liu, and R. Gyurcsik, "Software Experience with Concurrent C and LISP in a Distributed System," Proceedings of ACM 1988 Computer Science Conference, Feb 1988.
123. J. Duh, W. Liu, and D. Atkins, "The Design of a Vector Radix 2DFFT Chip", IEEE 7th Symposium on Computer Arithmetic, Urbana, Illinois, June 1985.
124. D. Atkins, W. Liu, and S. Ong, “Overview of an Arithmetic Design System," ACM/IEEE 18th Design Automation Conference, pp. 314-321, June 1981.
125. C. Gray, W. Liu, and R. Cavin, "Optimal Clocking for Wave Pipelined Operation in Multiple Stage Systems with Feedback," Proceedings of TAU93: ACM Int'l Workshop on Timing Issues in the Specification and Synthesis of Digital Systems, Malente, Germany, Sept 1993.
126. C. Gray, W. Liu, and R. Cavin, "Exact Timing Analysis Considering Data Dependent Delays," Proceedings of TAU93: ACM Int'l Workshop on Timing Issues in the Specification and Synthesis of Digital Systems, Malente, Germany, Sept 1993.
127. T. Hughes, C. Gray, W. Farlow, and W. Liu, "Advantages of MCM for CMOS Wave Pipelining," NSF MCM Workshop, pp. 116-122, 1991.
128. G. Mei, and W. Liu, "A Real-Time Architecture for Multiple Object Feature Extraction," Proceedings of 2nd IEEE Annual ASIC Conference, September, 1989.
129. G. Mei, W. Liu, and S. Chen, "A Hierarchical Sigma-Pi Neural Architecture for Learning Search Algorithms," Third International Symposium on Methodologies for Intelligent Systems, Torino, Italy, Oct, 1988.
130. W. Liu, T. Hughes, and R. Cavin, "Theory for Systolizing Global Computational Problems," Proceedings of 1988 Conf. on Systolic Array, pp. 61-71, San Diego, May 1988, (also SRC Tech Report #C88121).
131. G. Mei, W. Liu, and S. Chen, "A Hierarchical Sigma-Pi Neural Architecture for AI Search Algorithms," International Conference of Neural Network (ICONN-88), 1988.
132. G. Mei, W. Liu, and S. Chen, "Design Graph Search Problems with Learning: A Neural Network Approach," First International Conference on Neural Networks and System (INNS-88), pp. 200, 1988.
133. R. Salama, and W. Liu, "dCONES: A Distributed Concurrent Environment for VLSI Circuit Simulation," Proceedings of Multiprocessor and Array Processor Conference, San Diego, Feb 1988, Proceedings of Custom Integrated Circuit Conference, pp. 13.3.1-13.3.4, May 1988.
134. W. Liu, T. Hughes, and R. Cavin, "A Class of Parallel/Pipelined Architectures for Real-time Image Processing," Proceeding of SPIE87, pp. 340-347, Boston, MA. 1987, (also SRC Tech Report #C87455).
135. W. Liu, and G. Mei, "A Class of Two-Dimensional Problems: VLSI Algorithms and Architectures," ICCD-86, pp. 194-197, NY, 1986 (invited paper)
136. G. Mei, and W. Liu, "Parallel Processing for Computer Vision Primitives,"ICCD-86, pp. 506-509, NY, Oct. 1986.
137. W. Liu, G. Mei, T. Hildebrandt, and R. Cavin, "Parallel Algorithms for Linear Algebra with Two-Dimensional Shuffle-Exchange Network," Presented at SIAM Conf. on Linear Algebra for Signal Processing, Control, and Communication, Boston, 1986.
138. W. Liu, and D. Atkins, "VLSI Pipelined Architectures for Two-Dimensional FFT with Raster-Scan Input Device," Proc. of IEEE Int'l Conference on Computer Design: VLSI in Computers (ICCD-84), pp. 370-375, New York, 1984.
139. W. Liu, "Two Dimensional Fast Fourier Transform (FFT): New Algorithm and Architecture," Proceedings of SIAM Conference on Potential of Parallel Processing for Scientific Computing, Norfolk, VA, Nov 1983.
140. W. Liu, "A New Pipelined/Parallel Architecture for Two-Dimensional Fast Fourier Transform," Proceeding of Workshop on Computer Architecture for Pattern Analysis and Image Data Base Management, pp. 214-219, Oct 1983.
141. W. Liu, and D. Atkins, "On the Routability and Channel Routing Orders for a General Cell Approach," Proceedings of 1982 International Conference on Circuits and Computers, pp. 246-249, New York, September, 1982.
